2025 WAEC GCE CBT GOVERNMENT QUESTIONS
2025 WAEC GCE CBT GOVERNMENT QUESTIONS BELOW
2025 WAEC GCE CBT GOVERNMENT QUESTIONS ABOVE
2025 WAEC GCE CBT GOVERNMENT ANSWERS BELOW
*WAEC GCE GOVERNMENT*
*NUMBER ONE*
(i) Protection of Rights: A constitution enshrines fundamental human rights, safeguarding citizens from governmental overreach and ensuring freedoms of speech, religion, and assembly.
(ii) Limitation of Power: Constitutionalism imposes checks and balances on governmental power, preventing authoritarianism and promoting accountability through the separation of powers.
(iii) Political Stability: By establishing clear rules and procedures for governance, a constitution reduces uncertainty and promotes stability, fostering investor confidence and long-term planning.
(iv) Citizen Participation: Constitutional governance encourages citizen engagement through elections, referendums, and civil society participation, ensuring that government remains responsive to the needs and aspirations of the people.
(v) Socio-Economic Development: A stable and rights-respecting constitutional order creates an environment conducive to economic growth, social progress, and human development, attracting investment and fostering innovation.
*WAEC-GCE-GOVERNMENT*
(2)
(i)Enhanced Representation and Inclusivity: Federalism ensures that various regions and ethnic groups have a voice in the central government, promoting national unity and cooperation.
(ii)Local Autonomy and Decision-Making: States and local governments can make decisions tailored to their specific needs, allowing for more effective governance and development.
(iii)Economic Development and Resource Management: The federal system enables states to manage their resources, attract investments, and implement development projects that benefit their local economies.
(iv)Promoting Cultural Diversity and Regional Identity: Federalism allows states to preserve and promote their unique cultural heritage, traditions, and values.
(v)Checks and Balances: The distribution of power between the federal and state governments provides a system of checks and balances, preventing any one entity from abusing power.
*WAEC-GCE-GOVERNMENT*
(3)
(i) Policy formulation and advice: Civil servants assist political leaders by researching, analyzing, and providing expert advice on policies. They prepare policy documents, draft proposals, and ensure that decisions are informed by facts and technical knowledge.
(ii) Implementation of government policies: Once policies are approved, civil servants are responsible for putting them into action. They organize resources, coordinate activities, and oversee programs to ensure that government plans are executed effectively and efficiently.
(iii) Administration and management of public services: Civil servants manage day-to-day operations of government ministries, departments, and agencies. They ensure that services such as education, health, transportation, and security are delivered to the public in a systematic and organized manner.
(iv) Regulation and enforcement of laws: Civil servants ensure that government regulations and laws are applied consistently. They monitor compliance, enforce rules, and take corrective actions where necessary, helping maintain order and uphold the rule of law.
(v) Continuity and stability of government: Civil servants provide institutional memory and maintain continuity when political leadership changes. Their expertise and experience help preserve stability in government operations, ensuring that public administration continues smoothly regardless of political transitions.
*WAEC-GCE-GOVERNMENT*
(4)
(i) Promotes checks and balances: The second chamber, the Senate, provides a check on the powers of the lower chamber and the executive. It reviews, amends, or rejects bills, ensuring that legislation is carefully examined before becoming law.
(ii) Ensures representation of all states and regions: The second chamber allows equal representation of Nigeria’s states regardless of population size. This helps protect the interests of smaller states and promotes national unity.
(iii) Reduces the risk of hasty legislation: By having a second chamber review bills passed by the lower chamber, the likelihood of rushed or poorly considered laws is minimized. This improves the quality of legislation.
(iv) Encourages national integration and inclusiveness: The Senate brings together representatives from diverse ethnic, religious, and regional backgrounds. This fosters dialogue, compromise, and cooperation, contributing to political stability and social cohesion.
(v) Provides an avenue for oversight and accountability: The second chamber oversees government activities, budgets, and appointments. It holds the executive accountable and ensures transparency in governance, which strengthens democratic processes
*WAEC-GCE-GOVERNMENT*
(5)
(i) Promoting government accountability: Political parties serve as intermediaries between citizens and government, monitoring government actions and policy implementation. By holding elected officials accountable for their promises and actions, parties help reduce corruption and inefficiency, thus fostering a development-friendly environment.
(ii) Facilitating citizen representation and participation: Parties aggregate public interests and mobilize voters, ensuring that diverse social groups have a voice in government. This inclusive participation enhances social cohesion and guides government development policies toward the real needs of the population.
(iii) Ensuring government stability: A functioning party system creates continuity and predictability in governance, enabling long-term planning and policy consistency. Stable governments can better implement development programs without frequent disruptions caused by political crises.
(iv) Recruiting and socializing leadership: Political parties identify and train leaders who have the vision and skills to design and manage development projects. This leadership pipeline strengthens institutional capacity and improves governance quality over time.
(v) Organizing legislative priorities: Parties coordinate legislative activities, helping to set development-focused agendas and pass laws efficiently. By aligning party members around common goals, they facilitate the enactment and oversight of policies that drive economic and social progress.
*WAEC GCE GOVERNMENT 2025*
*NUMBER 6*
(6)
(i) *Maintenance of Law and Order:* Traditional authorities serve as valuable intelligence gatherers for formal security agencies and use customary methods to mediate disputes (e.g., land, family, minor civil cases) before they escalate into major conflicts.
(ii) *Facilitation of Community Mobilization for Development Projects:* Traditional authorities command significant respect and authority, making them effective in mobilizing their subjects for community self-help projects, such as building schools, health centers, and feeder roads.
(iii) *Enhancing Communication between Government and the People:* Traditional authorities help interpret and disseminate government policies and programs to the local populace in a culturally sensitive manner, while also providing feedback to the government on the needs, concerns, and interests of their communities.
(iv) *Preservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage and National Identity:* As custodians of indigenous culture, customs, and traditions, traditional authorities help maintain social cohesion and a sense of national identity amidst Nigeria’s diverse ethnic landscape. By promoting cultural festivals and traditional values, they can also attract tourism and foster unity, contributing to nation-building.
(v) *Strengthening Local Governance and Accountability:* Traditional authorities can offer non-partisan advice to local and state governments on matters of customary law, land administration, and community affairs.
*WAEC-GCE-GOVERNMENT*
(7)
(i)Political Influence: The AU has the potential to be a powerful, unified voice on the global stage, but its influence is often limited by internal divisions, lack of enforcement power, and dependence on external funding.
(ii)Economic Integration: While initiatives like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) show promise, the AU has been slow to achieve full economic integration due to issues like poor infrastructure, trade barriers, and differing national interests.
(iii)Social Transformation: The AU has ambitious social goals outlined in Agenda 2063, but progress in areas like poverty reduction, education, and healthcare is hindered by governance challenges and resource constraints.
(iv)Conflict Resolution: The AU has mechanisms for peacekeeping and conflict mediation, but its effectiveness is often challenged by a lack of capacity, political will from member states, and the complexity of African conflicts.
(v)Global Representation: A unified Africa could command significant respect and power in international bodies, but the AU’s current structure and limited authority mean African nations often negotiate individually, diminishing their collective bargaining power.
*WAEC-GCE-GOVERNMENT*
(8)
(i)Strong democratic institutions: Establishing and strengthening independent judiciaries, legislatures, and electoral bodies provides a legitimate framework for governance that is less susceptible to military usurpation.
(ii)Professionalized and apolitical military forces: Ensuring the military is loyal to the constitution and civilian authority, rather than to individuals or political factions, through professional training, proper oversight, and adherence to a strict code of conduct.
(iii)Economic development and poverty reduction: Addressing socio-economic grievances and inequality reduces the instability and public discontent that often provide a pretext or opportunity for military intervention.
(iv)Regional cooperation and adherence to democratic norms: Active participation in regional bodies like ECOWAS and the African Union, which have protocols against unconstitutional changes of government, creates external pressure and a collective security framework to deter coups.
(v)Robust civil society and media oversight: Empowering independent civil society organizations and a free press to monitor governance, expose corruption, and mobilize public opinion against military overreach helps hold civilian leaders accountable and builds resilience against undemocratic forces.
*WAEC-GCE-GOVERNMENT*
*NUMBER 1*
(i)Rule of Law: Constitutional governance establishes the rule of law, where laws apply equally to all individuals, including government officials. This prevents arbitrary rule and promotes accountability, ensuring that everyone knows their rights and obligations under the law.
(ii)Protection of Rights and Freedoms: Constitutions often enshrine fundamental rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion. Supporting constitutional governance helps protect these rights from infringement by the state or other entities, fostering a culture of respect for individual liberties.
(iii)Checks and Balances: A constitutional framework typically includes mechanisms for checks and balances among different branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial). This system helps prevent the concentration of power and guards against tyranny, promoting a more democratic and representative governance structure.
(iv)Stability and Predictability: Constitutional governance provides a stable political environment by outlining clear processes for law-making, conflict resolution, and the transition of power. This predictability encourages investment, social cohesion, and long-term planning, which can lead to economic growth and societal well-being.
(v)Participation and Representation: Supporting constitutional governance encourages civic participation and representation in the political process. It often allows for mechanisms such as free and fair elections, enabling citizens to influence policy and leadership through their votes, contributing to a sense of ownership and responsibility over the governance of their society.
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