NECO GCE 2025 PHYSICS

NECO GCE 2025 PHYSICS

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THEORY BELOW

_SECTION-A; YOU ARE TO ANSWER SIX (6) QUESTIONS FROM THIS PART NO;1 IS COMPULSORY. AND ANY OTHER FIVE._

_SECTION-B; ANSWER FOUR (4) QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION_

(1a)
(i)Flat-plate collectors
(ii)Concentrated solar collectors

(1b)
A slide projector is an optical device that projects images from slides onto a screen, WHILE A periscope is an optical instrument that allows users to view objects that are not in their direct line of sight.

(1c)
1: acre = 4047 m²/acre
3; acres = x
x*1= 3 acres * 4047 m²/acre
= 121,41 m²
x= 121,41m²
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(2a)
(i)Ruler
(ii)Tape measure

(2b)
That contact forces require physical contact between objects, WHILE field forces can act over a distance without physical contact.
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(3a)
(i)Force
(ii)Length

(3b)
Given initial speed;
(u) = 50 m/s, final speed
(v) = 120 m/s, and time.
(t) = 2 minutes = 120 seconds,
the acceleration (a) can be calculated using the formula:
a = (v – u) / t
a = (120 m/s – 50 m/s) / 120 s
a = 70 m/s / 120 s
a = 0.583 m/s²
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(4a)
(i)Fishing rod
(ii)Human forearm

(4b)
First-class levers have the fulcrum between the effort and the load, WHILE second-class levers have the load between the effort and the fulcrum.
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(5a)
(i)Elastic collision
(ii)Inelastic collision

(5b)
Given mass;
(m) = 0.2 kg, initial speed
(u) = 10 m/s, force
(F) = 3 N, and time
(t) = 0.02 s,
the acceleration (a) can be calculated using
F = ma, and then the new speed
(v) can be calculated using v = u + at.
a = F / m = 3 N / 0.2 kg = 15 m/s²
v = u + at = 10 m/s + (15 m/s² * 0.02 s) = 10 m/s + 0.3 m/s
= 10.3 m/s
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(6a)
(i)Sun
(ii)Stars

(6b)
Sound waves are mechanical waves that require a medium to propagate, WHILE ultraviolet rays are electromagnetic waves that can propagate through a vacuum.
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(7a)
(i)Using soft, absorbent materials on walls and ceilings
(ii)Installing irregular surfaces to scatter sound.

(7b)
Given; object distance
(u) = -10 cm, and radius of curvature
(R) = 12 cm, the focal length
(f) = R/2 = 6 cm.
Since it’s a concave mirror,
f = -6 cm.
Using the mirror formula;
1/f = 1/v + 1/u,
we can calculate the image distance; (v).1/(-6) = 1/v + 1/(-10)
-1/6 = 1/v – 1/10
1/v = 1/10 – 1/6
1/v = (3-5)/30
1/v = -2/30
1/v = -1/15
v = -15 cm
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(8a)
A magnet can be demagnetised mechanically by hammering or dropping it repeatedly.

(8b)
Angle of declination is the angle between magnetic north and true north, WHILE angle of dip is the angle between the Earth’s magnetic field lines and the horizontal at a given location.
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(9a)
(i)Measuring electromotive force (EMF) of a cell
(ii)Comparing EMFs of two different cells.

(9b)
Given;
Ig = 5 mA = 0.005
A, Rg = 70 Ω, and
I = 3 A,
we can calculate the shunt resistance (S) using the formula
S = (Ig * Rg) / (I – Ig).
S = (0.005 A * 70 Ω) / (3 A – 0.005 A)
S = 0.35 / 2.995
S ≈ 0.117 Ω

(Approximately 0.117 Ω.)
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(10a)
(i)Copper
(ii)Gold

(10b)
Soft x-rays have lower energy and longer wavelengths, WHILE hard x-rays have higher energy and shorter wavelengths.
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(11a)
Adhesion is the force of attraction between different types of molecules, WHILE cohesion is the force of attraction between molecules of the same type.

(11b)
(i) Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape, taking the shape of their container.
(ii) Liquids are largely incompressible.
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_SECTION-B; YOU ARE TO ANSWER ONLY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS FROM THIS PART_

(12ai)
(i)A rotating fan.
(ii)A spinning top.

(12aii)
-Random motion; Involves a change of position without a specific pattern or in an unpredictable path, such as the movement of gas particles (Brownian motion).

-Rotational motion is the spinning of an object around a fixed axis.

(12bi)
(i)Friction produces heat, which wastes energy.
(ii)Friction causes wear and tear on the surfaces of moving parts, degrading the machine over time.

(12bii)
(i)Lubrication with oil or grease between moving parts.
(ii)Using ball bearings or wheels to replace sliding friction with rolling friction, which is lower.

(12c)
[img]https://i.ibb.co/yBdfc0VN/IMG-20251207-WA0066.jpg[/img]
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(13a)
Convection of heat is the transfer of heat from one place to another through the bulk movement of a fluid (liquid or gas). It is often caused by density differences, where hotter, less dense fluid rises and cooler, denser fluid sinks.

(13aii)
Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact or a medium without the overall movement of the mediums particles, WHILE Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, which can occur through a vacuum or a medium.

(3b)
(i)The release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change.
(ii)The release of pollutants like sulfur dioxide, leading to acid rain.

(13ci)
(i)Temperature (higher temperature increases the rate).
(ii)Surface area (larger surface area increases the rate).

(13cii)
(i) Q = Pt
Given;
P = 60 W
t = 5 minutes
P * t = 5 * 60 s = 300 s
Q = 60 W * 300 s
Q = 18000 J

(ii)Q = McΔT
Given:
Q = 18000 J,
ΔT = 60°C – 30°C = 30°C, and
C = 450 J/kg°C
M = Q / (c * ΔT)
M = 18000 / (450 * 30)
M = 18000 / 13500
M = 1.33 kg
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(14ai)
(i)That objects appear bent or displaced when viewed through different media (e.g., a stick in water appears bent).
(ii)That lenses can focus or disperse light to form images.

(14aii)
[img]https://i.ibb.co/xq9vVkTp/IMG-20251207-WA0071.jpg[/img]

(14b)
[img]https://i.ibb.co/4gJsfMyh/IMG-20251207-WA0072.jpg[/img]

(14c)
(i)pitch (determined by frequency).
(ii)Loudness (determined by amplitude).

(14di)
Given the minimum deviation δm = 37.2° and the prism is equilateral, the angle of the prism
A = 60°.
The formula for minimum deviation is:
δm = 2i – A
where i is the angle of incidence.
Since the ray passes symmetrically,
The angle of incidence i = (δm + A) / 2
i = (37.2 + 60) / 2
i = 97.2 / 2
i = 48.6°
The angle of refraction r can be found using:
A = 2r
r = A / 2
r = 60 / 2
r = 30°

(14dii)
n = sin((A + δm) / 2) / sin(A / 2)
n = sin((60 + 37.2) / 2) / sin(60 / 2)
n = sin(97.2 / 2) / sin(30)
n = sin(48.6) / sin(30)
n = 0.7497 / 0.5
n = 1.4994
n ≈ 1.5
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(15ai)
(i)An armature (coil)
(ii)Commutator.

(15aii)
(i) primary coil.
(ii) secondary coil.

(15b)
Copper wire is an electrical conductor, meaning it allows electric current to flow through it easily, WHILE Dry wood is an electrical insulator, meaning it resists the flow of electric current.

(15c)
Cathode rays are produced when a high voltage is applied across a discharge tube containing a low-pressure gas, causing the gas to ionize and electrons to be emitted from the negative electrode (cathode) due to the strong electric field.

(15di)
Given;
the impedance (Z) = 60 Ω,
resistance (R) = 40 Ω, and
the formula for impedance in a series RC circuit is:
Z² = R² + Xc²
where Xc is the capacitive reactance.
Rearrange the formula to solve for Xc:
Xc² = Z² – R²
Xc² = 60² – 40²
Xc² = 3600 – 1600
Xc² = 2000
Xc = √2000
Xc = 44.72 Ω

(15dii)
The current (I) can be calculated using Ohm’s law:
I = V / Z
Given voltage (V) = 30 V and impedance (Z) = 60 Ω
I = 30 / 60
I = 0.5 A
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(16a)
(i)That an atom consists of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center.
(ii)That electrons orbit the nucleus in circular paths.

(16b)
Surface tension is the cohesive force among liquid molecules that causes the liquid surface to behave like an elastic membrane, WHILE Capillarity is the tendency of a liquid to rise or fall in a narrow tube due to the balance between cohesive and adhesive forces.

(16c)
According to the molecular theory of matter, gas pressure is caused by the continuous, random collisions of a vast number of gas molecules with the walls of their container. The force exerted by these collisions over a given area creates the measurable pressure.

(16di)
The work function (φ) is given by the formula:
W = hfo
where h is Planck’s constant and f0 is the threshold frequency.
Given;
φ= 6.63 x 10^-³⁴ Js
φ= 3.8 x 10¹⁴ Hz
W = hfo
= 6.63 x 10^-³⁴ * 3.8 x 10¹⁴
= 2.5194 x 10^-¹⁹ J

(16dii)
KEmax = hf – φ
where f is the frequency of the incident light.
Given f = 5.4 x 10¹⁵ Hz
First, calculate hf:
hf = 6.63 x 10^-³⁴ * 5.4 x 10¹⁵
= 3.5802 x 10^-¹⁸ J
Now, calculate KEmax:
KEmax
= hf – φ
= 3.5802 x 10^-¹⁸ – 2.5194 x 10^-¹⁹
= 3.5802 x 10^-¹⁸ – 0.25194 x 10^-¹⁸
= 3.32826 x 10^-¹⁸ J
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(17a)
[img]https://i.ibb.co/VcDkjNQF/IMG-20251207-WA0067.jpg[/img]

(17aii)
light bulb; (lights up or makes a sound).

(17bi)
(i)Extraction of metals (e.g., aluminum from alumina).
(ii)The purification of metals (e.g., copper refining).

(17bii)
(i)Electrolyte
(ii)Electrodes

(17c)
(i)Both artificial satellites and rockets are engineered by humans.
(ii)Both are designed to operate outside of Earth’s atmosphere.

(17di)
Given;
focal length of objective lens (fo) = 100 cm
focal length of eyepiece lens (fe) = 60 cm
The distance between the lenses
= fo + fe
= 100 + 60
= 160 cm

(17dii)
The magnifying power (M) of the telescope is given by:
M = fo / fe
M = 100 / 60
M = 1.67
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NECO GCE 2025 PHYSICS PRACTICAL ANSWERS BELOW