NECO GCE 2025 AGRIC THEORY QUESTIONS
NECO GCE 2025 AGRIC THEORY QUESTIONS BELOW
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NECO GCE 2025 AGRIC THEORY AND OBJ
NECO GCE 2025 AGRIC THEORY AND OBJ ANSWERS BELOW
NECO GCE AGRIC
1-10: EBDBECBCCA
11-20: CACDDEECBC
21-30: CCABDBBACD
31-40: CAEBADDEED
41-50: DBDBAEABBD
51-60: CACBEBCEEC
*NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE*
*NUMBER ONE*
(1ai)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) To prevent flooding and waterlogging.
(ii) To allow easy drainage of rainwater.
(iii) To enhance visibility and security.
(iv) To reduce dampness and disease-causing organisms.
(v) To ensure good road accessibility during rainy seasons.
(1aii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) To prevent offensive odour from blowing towards residential areas.
(ii) To reduce the spread of airborne diseases.
(iii) To minimize heat stress and cold stress on animals.
(iv) To reduce dust and pathogen movement.
(v) To improve comfort and health of animals.
(1aiii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) To facilitate easy filling and drainage of water by gravity.
(ii) To reduce cost of pumping water.
(iii) To control water flow and avoid stagnation.
(iv) To reduce flooding around the pond.
(v) To improve water quality with natural flow.
(1aiv)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Because the soil retains moisture for longer periods.
(ii) Because lowlands are often more fertile.
(iii) Easy access to water supply for irrigation.
(iv) Humid environment supports vegetable growth.
(v) Suitable for year-round cultivation.
(1bi)
=Scraper=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It cleans soil from the disc surface.
(ii) It prevents soil sticking to the disc during operation.
(iii) It helps maintain cutting efficiency.
(iv) It ensures smooth turning of the disc.
(1bii)
=Spring=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It absorbs shock when the disc hits obstacles.
(ii) It prevents damage to the implement.
(iii) It maintains pressure on the disc.
(iv) It ensures smooth operation on rough fields.
(1biii)
=Furrow wheel=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It controls the depth of ploughing.
(ii) It stabilizes the plough during operation.
(iii) Helps to guide the plough in a straight line.
(iv) Supports the weight of the plough.
(1biv)
=Disc=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It cuts and turns over the soil.
(ii) Breaks clods and buries weeds.
(iii) Helps in ploughing hard and stony ground.
(iv) Leaves the field well-tilled for planting.
(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) To develop improved crop and livestock varieties.
(ii) To carry out research that increases agricultural productivity.
(iii) To improve farming techniques and practices.
(iv) To reduce pests and diseases affecting crops and animals.
(v) To train farmers and agricultural students.
(vi) To develop modern tools, equipment and technologies.
(vii) To improve food quality, preservation and processing.
(1d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Government investment in road construction and repairs.
(ii) Provision of rural transport vehicles like trucks and vans.
(iii) Improvement of rural infrastructure such as bridges and culverts.
(iv) Proper maintenance of existing roads regularly.
(v) Development of rail and water transport systems.
(vi) Encouraging private companies to invest in transportation.
(vii) Establishing storage and processing centres near rural areas.
*NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE*
*NUMBER TWO*
(2ai)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Land tenure system
(i) It makes land acquisition difficult for farmers.
(ii) It prevents large-scale farming due to fragmented land.
(iii) It discourages long-term investment on land.
(iv) Land disputes waste time and resources.
(v) Traditional ownership limits land use flexibility.
(vi) It makes access to agricultural loans difficult because land cannot be used as collateral.
(2aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Leads to high post-harvest losses.
(ii) Reduces the market value of farm produce.
(iii) Prevents export of agricultural products.
(iv) Causes low income and profit for farmers.
(v) Results in food wastage during bumper harvest.
(vi) Discourages commercial farming and productivity.
(2aiii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Causes shortage of agricultural labour in rural areas.
(ii) Leads to abandonment of farmlands.
(iii) Reduces agricultural output and food supply.
(iv) Increases cost of hiring labour.
(v) Causes rapid growth of urban unemployment.
(vi) Leads to ageing farming population in rural communities.
(2b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) To develop rural road networks for easy movement of goods and people.
(ii) To improve the standard of living in rural communities.
(iii) To provide rural communities with basic amenities such as water and electricity.
(iv) To reduce rural-urban migration.
(v) To encourage agricultural and industrial development in rural areas.
(vi) To promote effective marketing and distribution of farm produce.
(2c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) To break soil clods and produce a fine soil structure.
(ii) To bury weeds and crop residues.
(iii) To level the soil surface for planting.
(iv) To conserve soil moisture.
(v) To control emerging weeds.
(vi) To incorporate fertilizers and manure into the soil.
(2d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Irrigation pumping.
(ii) Milling and grinding of grains.
(iii) Incubation and brooding of chicks.
(iv) Refrigeration and cold storage of farm produce.
(v) Lighting in poultry houses and farm buildings.
(vi) Processing and packaging of agricultural products.
*NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE*
*NUMBER THREE*
(3a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Rainfall causes weathering of rocks and formation of soil particles.
(ii) Temperature changes cause expansion and contraction of rocks leading to breakdown.
(iii) Wind action erodes and deposits soil materials.
(iv) Climate determines the type and rate of organic matter decomposition.
(v) Frost and ice break rocks into smaller particles.
(3b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It improves soil structure.
(ii) It increases water-holding capacity of soil.
(iii) It supplies essential nutrients to crops.
(iv) It enhances soil aeration.
(v) It promotes soil microorganisms and biological activity.
(vi) It reduces soil erosion.
(vii) It improves soil fertility.
(3c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Increases crop yield and productivity.
(ii) Enables all-year-round farming.
(iii) Improves germination and growth of crops.
(iv) Allows cultivation in dry or arid regions.
(v) Improves quality of farm produce.
(vi) Reduces risk of crop failure due to drought.
(vii) Encourages multiple cropping.
(3d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Proper treatment of sewage and waste before discharge.
(ii) Avoiding excessive use of fertilizers and chemicals near ponds.
(iii) Regular removal of silt and debris from the pond.
(iv) Preventing industrial effluents from entering water bodies.
(v) Planting vegetation around ponds to filter runoff.
(vi) Regulating stocking density to prevent overloading.
(vii) Adequate aeration and water circulation.
*NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE*
*NUMBER FOUR*
(4a)
(i) Collect soil sample using sterilized tools to avoid contamination.
(ii) Prepare a soil suspension by mixing a measured quantity of soil with sterile distilled water.
(iii) Inoculate the suspension onto nutrient agar plates using a sterile spreader.
(iv) Incubate the plates at the required temperature and observe microbial growth after a few days.
(4bi)
=Sandy soil=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Apply organic manure such as compost or farmyard manure.
(ii) Use mulching to reduce evaporation.
(iii) Irrigate frequently to maintain moisture.
(iv) Grow cover crops or grasses to improve structure.
(v) Apply clay or loamy soil to increase water retention.
(vi) Use fertilizer to increase nutrient content.
(4bii)
=Clayey soil=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Add sand or organic matter to improve drainage.
(ii) Construct raised beds to enhance aeration.
(iii) Apply lime to reduce stickiness.
(iv) Use appropriate tillage when soil is moist.
(v) Plant deep-rooted crops to open the soil structure.
(vi) Avoid over-irrigation to prevent waterlogging.
(4c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Death of aquatic animals and fish.
(ii) Reduction in fish yield and farm productivity.
(iii) Contamination of irrigation water supply.
(iv) Reduction in soil fertility due to toxic substances.
(v) Poor growth and yield of crops.
(vi) Spread of diseases to humans and livestock.
(vii) Offensive odour and poor water quality.
(4d)
=Sprinkler irrigation=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Water is sprayed over the field like rainfall.
(ii) Requires high water pressure.
(iii) Suitable for almost all types of crops.
(iv) High water loss due to evaporation and wind drift.
(v) More expensive to install and maintain.
(vi) Covers a large area at once.
(vii) Wetting of leaves may encourage diseases.
=Drip irrigation=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Water is delivered directly to the root zone.
(ii) Requires low water pressure.
(iii) Suitable for row crops, vegetables and orchards.
(iv) Very low water loss due to minimal evaporation.
(v) Less expensive in water usage and energy cost.
(vi) Covers limited area at a time.
(vii) Does not wet leaves, reducing disease occurrence.
(4e)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It is expensive to install.
(ii) It requires skilled labour for construction.
(iii) Difficult to inspect and maintain.
(iv) Clogging of pipes may occur.
(v) Damage to pipes can disrupt the whole system.
(vi) Requires long-term planning before installation.
(vii) May cause uneven drainage if poorly designed.
*NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE*
*NUMBER FIVE*
(5a)
In a Tabular form
=Dicotyledonous plants=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) They have two cotyledons in their seeds.
(ii) They possess taproot system.
(iii) Leaves have reticulate (net-like) venation.
(iv) Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
(v) Flowers are in multiples of fours or fives.
(vi) Stem undergoes secondary growth.
=Monocotyledonous plants=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) They have one cotyledon in their seeds.
(ii) They possess fibrous root system.
(iii) Leaves have parallel venation.
(iv) Vascular bundles are scattered in the stem.
(v) Flowers are in multiples of threes.
(vi) Stem does not undergo secondary growth.
(5bi)
=Shading=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) To protect young seedlings from excessive sunlight.
(ii) To reduce water loss through evaporation.
(iii) To improve establishment and survival of transplants.
(iv) To prevent wind damage on tender plants.
(v) To reduce heat stress.
(vi) To maintain soil moisture for early growth.
(5bii)
=Pruning=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) To remove diseased or dead branches.
(ii) To improve plant shape and growth.
(iii) To increase fruit size and yield.
(iv) To improve aeration and sunlight penetration.
(v) To control height and spread of plants.
(vi) To stimulate growth of new shoots.
(5biii)
=Earthening-up=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) To support and stabilize crop stems.
(ii) To prevent lodging or collapse of plants.
(iii) To conserve soil moisture.
(iv) To improve root development.
(v) To control weeds around crop base.
(vi) To prevent tubers and roots from exposure to sunlight.
(5c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Use sharp and clean tools.
(ii) Ensure close contact between stock and scion cambium layers.
(iii) Use healthy stock and scion materials.
(iv) Perform grafting during the active growth period.
(v) Protect graft union from infection and dehydration.
(vi) Tie or wax the graft union securely and firmly.
(5di)
Mendel’s First Law states that each inherited trait is controlled by a pair of alleles, and during gamete formation, the alleles separate so that each gamete carries only one allele.
(5dii)
*NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE*
*NUMBER SIX*
(6ai)
Taungya system is a land-use practice where food crops are grown together with young forest trees on the same piece of land, especially during the early stages of forest plantation establishment, until the trees develop canopy and shade out the crops.
(6aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) To reduce the cost of establishing forest plantations.
(ii) To provide food crops for farmers while trees are still young.
(iii) To control weeds and maintain the plantation during early growth.
(iv) To provide employment opportunities for rural farmers.
(v) To prevent land wastage before trees mature.
(vi) To reduce pressure on forest resources and promote afforestation.
(vii) To improve soil fertility through leaf litter addition.
(6b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Seeds are very small and lightweight.
(ii) Possess hairy or feathery structures for floating in the air.
(iii) Have wing-like extensions.
(iv) Produced in large quantities.
(v) Seeds are dry and easily carried by breeze.
(vi) Seeds may have parachute-like structures.
(vii) They mature quickly.
(6ci)
=Spacing at field=
Pepper is usually planted at a spacing of 60 cm × 60 cm or 50 cm × 50 cm depending on variety and fertility of the soil.
(6cii)
=Climatic requirement=
Pepper requires a warm climate with temperature range of 25°C–30°C and an annual rainfall of 800–1200 mm. It grows well under full sunlight and in well-drained loamy soil.
(6ciii)
=Two diseases=
(i) Bacterial leaf spot
(ii) Mosaic virus disease
(6civ)
=Two cultural practices=
(i) Regular weeding
(ii) manure application
(6d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Dry leaves
(ii) Green plant materials
(iii) Animal dung
(iv) Wood ash
(v) Topsoil
(vi) Water
*NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE*
*NUMBER SEVEN*
(7ai)
=Lice=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Regular spraying or dipping animals with insecticides.
(ii) Isolate and treat infected animals.
(iii) Maintain good sanitation in pens and housing.
(iv) Frequent grooming and brushing of animals.
(v) Wash bedding materials and disinfect equipment.
(vi) Improve nutrition to boost animal immunity.
(7aii)
=Tapeworm=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Deworm animals regularly using anthelmintics.
(ii) Provide clean and uncontaminated feed and water.
(iii) Maintain strict hygiene in pens and grazing areas.
(iv) Avoid feeding animals with raw or infected meat.
(v) Control intermediate hosts such as fleas and mites.
(vi) Dispose of animal faeces properly.
(7aiii)
=Tick=
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Apply acaricides by spraying, dipping or dusting.
(ii) Maintain short grass by regular bush clearing.
(iii) Burn or destroy tick-infested grasses and bedding.
(iv) Inspect animals regularly and remove ticks manually.
(v) Store animals in clean tick-free housing.
(vi) Vaccinate animals against tick-borne diseases.
(7b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Adequate feeding with balanced diet and supplements.
(ii) Regular vaccination and deworming schedules.
(iii) Proper housing and sanitation.
(iv) Identification by tagging or branding.
(v) Record keeping for growth and health monitoring.
(vi) Training animals for handling and movement.
(7c)
Silage is green fodder that is fermented and stored in a silo or pit in the absence of air for feeding animals during dry season WHILE Soilage is the practice of cutting fresh green fodder and feeding it immediately to animals without storage or fermentation.
(7di)
=Iodine=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Goitre (swollen thyroid gland in the neck).
(ii) Poor growth and stunted development.
(iii) Stillbirth and abortions in pregnant animals.
(iv) Low fertility and reduced reproductive efficiency.
(v) Hair loss and rough hair coat.
(vi) Weak and inactive newborn animals.
(7dii)
=Calcium=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Weak and brittle bones.
(ii) Rickets in young animals.
(iii) Osteomalacia in adult animals.
(iv) Milk fever in lactating cows.
(v) Poor blood clotting.
(vi) Muscle cramps and paralysis.
(7diii)
=Sodium=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Loss of appetite.
(ii) Poor growth and weight loss.
(iii) Reduced milk production.
(iv) Licking of soil and objects (pica).
(v) Rough coat and general weakness.
(vi) Dehydration and low body water balance.
(7div)
=Iron=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Anaemia (paleness of mucous membranes).
(ii) Low haemoglobin level.
(iii) Weakness and fatigue.
(iv) Poor appetite and reduced growth.
(v) Increased susceptibility to diseases.
(vi) Pale skin or hoof cracks in severe cases.
(7dv)
=Fluorine=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Mottling or discoloration of teeth.
(ii) Weak teeth and tooth decay.
(iii) Poor bone structure and skeletal deformities.
(iv) Lameness and reduced mobility.
(v) Low feed intake and weight loss.
(vi) Joint stiffness or bone pain.
*NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE*
*NUMBER EIGHT*
(8ai)
=Mode of transmission=
Foot and mouth disease is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, contaminated feed, water, air droplets, and farm equipment.
(8aii)
=One farm animal affected=
Cattle
(8aiii)
=Two symptoms=
(i) Blisters and sores in the mouth and on the hooves
(ii) Excessive salivation and lameness
(8b)
(i) Regular vaccination of animals
(ii) Proper sanitation and hygiene of housing and equipment
(iii) Quarantine newly purchased or infected animals
(iv) Providing balanced diet and clean water
(8c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Requires skilled and trained personnel
(ii) Possibility of spreading diseases if semen is not properly screened
(iii) High cost of equipment and maintenance
(iv) Poor conception rate if timing is wrong
(v) Requires good heat detection in animals
(vi) Some rural farmers may lack technical knowledge
(8d)
*NECO GCE AGRIC SCIENCE*
*NUMBER NINE*
(9ai)
Scale of preference is a list of human wants arranged in order of their importance or priority, showing the most important needs at the top and the least important at the bottom.
(9aii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It helps individuals and governments to allocate limited resources wisely.
(ii) It helps to avoid waste and unnecessary spending.
(iii) It enables better decision–making by choosing the most important needs first.
(iv) It helps consumers to plan and organize their expenditure based on available income.
(v) It enables businesses and governments to set financial priorities and prepare budgets.
(vi) It helps in managing scarcity by providing guidance on what to satisfy first when resources are not enough.
(9b)
Fixed capital refers to long-term assets that are used repeatedly in a farm or business for many years without being completely used up, such as land, buildings, tractors and machines, WHILE
working capital refers to short-term resources that are needed for the day-to-day running of the business and are used up quickly, such as money for wages, seeds, fertilizers and fuel
(9ci)
Total farmers = 100
Late adopters = 100 – (25 + 34 + 14)
= 100 – 73
= 27 farmers
Percentage = 27/100 × 100
= 27%
(9cii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Lack of awareness or poor extension services.
(ii) Fear of risk and uncertainty about results.
(iii) High cost of new technology or farm inputs.
(iv) Low level of education or technical knowledge.
(v) Poor access to credit facilities or loans.
(vi) Lack of evidence from other successful farmers.
(vii) Resistance to change due to traditional beliefs.
(viii) Inadequate demonstration farms and field trials.
(9ciii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Provide training and practical demonstrations on organic fertiliser.
(ii) Give incentives such as free samples or subsidies.
(iii) Organize field days and farmer-to-farmer learning programs.
(iv) Share success stories and results from early users.
(v) Use radio, posters and community meetings to spread information.
(vi) Make regular follow-up visits to guide and motivate farmers.
(vii) Provide technical support and advice during application.
(viii) Encourage group farming or cooperatives to reduce cost.