IJMB 2024 CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS
IJMB 2024 CHEMISTRY PAPPER I QUESTIONS
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IJMB CHEMISTRY
NUMBER ONE
(a).True
(b)False
(c)True
(d)True
(e)False
IJMB 2024 CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS
IJMB CHEMISTRY
NUMBER 3
Factors Favoring the Formation of Metallic Bonds:
1. *Low Ionization Energy:*
– Metals with low ionization energy can easily lose electrons to form a sea of delocalized electrons, which facilitates the formation of metallic bonds.
2. *Large Atomic Size:*
– Larger atomic size in metals allows for more delocalized electrons, which enhances the metallic bonding as the electrons can move freely through the lattice.
3. *High Density of Metal Atoms:*
– A high density of metal atoms in the lattice allows for close packing, which increases the overlap of atomic orbitals and strengthens the metallic bond.
Factors Favoring the Formation of Ionic Bonds:
1. *Large Difference in Electronegativity:*
– A significant difference in electronegativity between the metal and non-metal atoms encourages the transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions.
2. *High Electron Affinity:*
– Non-metals with high electron affinity are more likely to gain electrons, facilitating the formation of anions and thereby promoting the ionic bond formation.
3. *High Lattice Energy:*
– The energy released when the oppositely charged ions come together to form a crystal lattice (lattice energy) should be high, as it compensates for the energy required to transfer electrons and stabilizes the ionic compound.
NUMBER 6
(6a)
Isotopes are atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that have different numbers of neutrons in their atomic nuclei, resulting in different atomic masses.
(6b)
Isotopes are chemically indistinguishable because they have the same number of electrons and the same electron configuration, which determines chemical behavior.
(6c)
Three physical properties that can be used to differentiate between isotopes of an element are:
Mass (different isotopes have different atomic masses)
– Density (different isotopes have different densities)
– Radioactivity (some isotopes are radioactive, while others are not)
NUMBER 7
• High reactivity (they readily lose electrons to form ions)
– High electropositivity (they have low ionization energies)
– High atomic radii (they have large atomic sizes)
– Low melting and boiling points (they are relatively soft and volatile)
– Good conductors of electricity (they have low ionization energies and high electron mobility)!
IJMB CHEMISTRY
NUMBER 8
(8a)
The normal boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from a liquid to a gas at standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm or 1013 mbar).
(8b)
Yes, it is possible for water to boil at a temperature higher than its boiling point (100°C or 212°F). This occurs when the water is under pressure greater than 1 atm, such as in a pressure cooker or a boiler. This is known as superheating.
Justification: When water is heated under pressure, the boiling point is elevated because the increased pressure requires more energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the water molecules together. This means that water can be heated above its normal boiling point without actually boiling, until the pressure is released or the water is disturbed, at which point it will rapidly boil and release steam.
IJMB CHEMISTRY
NUMBER 11
(11A)
Hybridisation is the intermixing of atomic orbitals of various shapes with approximately the same energy to produce the same number of hybrid orbitals with the same condition, energy, or orientation, with the most negligible repulsion between them.
(11B)
(1) sp Hybridisation
sp hybridisation is a type of hybridisation in which only the 1s and 1p orbitals of the same element are involved. The production of the acetylene molecule is an example.
(2) sp² Hybridisation
sp² hybridisation combines and recasts nearly identical 1s and 2p orbitals of the same atom to generate three new sp² hybrid orbitals with equal energies, maximal symmetry, and determinate orientation in space. An example is the synthesis of an ethylene molecule.
(3) sp³ Hybridisation
sp³ hybridisation is a type of hybridisation in which 1s and 3p orbitals of the same element are mixed and recast to generate a new hybrid orbital with the same energy, symmetry, or fixed orientation in space. An example include the development of a methane molecule.
IJMB 2024 CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS
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IJMB 2024 CHEMISTRY PAPER II QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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