IJMB 2024 IRS QUESTIONS
IJMB 2024 IRS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
IJMB 2024 IRS PAPER III QUESTIONS BELOW
IJMB 2024 IRS ANSWERS BELOW
NUMBER 1
Tauhid, is the Islamic concept of monotheism, emphasizing the oneness of God (Allah). It is the central and most important concept in Islam, shaping the entire faith and worldview of Muslims. Here’s an in-depth look at Tauhid:
### Concept of Tauhid
1. *Definition*:
– Tauhid literally means “unification” or “oneness.”
– In Islamic theology, it refers to the oneness of God in His essence, attributes, and acts.
2. *Components*:
– *Tauhid al-Rububiyyah (Oneness of Lordship)*: This asserts that Allah alone is the creator, sustainer, and ruler of the universe.
– *Tauhid al-Asma wa al-Sifat (Oneness of Names and Attributes)*: This emphasizes that Allah has unique names and attributes that are incomparable to any human or creation.
– *Tauhid al-Ibadah (Oneness of Worship)*: This demands that all acts of worship and devotion be directed to Allah alone, without any partners or intermediaries.
### Complications of Tauhid
1. *Theological Debates*:
– Different Islamic schools of thought (e.g., Ash’ari, Maturidi, and Salafi) have nuanced understandings and interpretations of Tauhid, especially regarding God’s attributes.
– Some debates focus on how to interpret anthropomorphic descriptions of God in the Qur’an and Hadith (e.g., God’s “hand” or “face”).
2. *Shirk (Association of Partners with God)*:
– Shirk is considered the gravest sin in Islam and directly opposes the concept of Tauhid.
– It includes polytheism, idolatry, and any belief or practice that attributes divine qualities or worship to anyone or anything other than Allah.
3. *Mystical Interpretations*:
– Sufi interpretations of Tauhid often emphasize a more intimate, mystical union with God, which some orthodox scholars may view with suspicion.
– The balance between esoteric experiences and orthodox beliefs can sometimes create tension.
significance
1. *Core Belief*:
– Tauhid is the foundation of the Islamic faith. The declaration of faith (Shahada) states, “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger.”
– It influences all aspects of a Muslim’s life, including their ethical conduct, worship practices, and social interactions.
2. *Basis for Islamic Law and Ethics*:
– Islamic legal and ethical systems are grounded in the principle of Tauhid.
– Acts of worship (prayer, fasting, pilgrimage) and social justice (charity, honesty, humility) are all seen as manifestations of devotion to the one God.
3. *Spiritual and Psychological Impact*:
– Belief in the oneness of God provides a sense of purpose, meaning, and comfort to Muslims.
– It fosters a sense of unity and brotherhood among Muslims, as they all worship the same God and follow the same principles.
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NUMBER TWO
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab was a prominent Islamic scholar and theologian born in 1703 in the Najd region of present-day Saudi Arabia. He is best known for founding the Wahhabi movement, which sought to purify Islam by returning to what he considered the true principles of the faith as practiced by the earliest generations of Muslims.
### Biography
1. *Early Life*:
– Born in Uyayna, Najd, in 1703.
– Came from a family of jurists; his father was a judge.
– Studied Islamic jurisprudence, theology, and the works of Ibn Taymiyyah and other scholars in Mecca, Medina, and Basra.
2. *Theological Education and Influences*:
– Influenced by the Hanbali school of thought, which emphasized a strict interpretation of Islamic law.
– Studied the writings of Ibn Taymiyyah, a medieval Islamic scholar who criticized various practices he saw as innovations (bid’ah) in Islam.
3. *Return to Najd and Preaching*:
– Returned to his homeland around 1740 and began preaching against practices he viewed as un-Islamic, such as saint veneration, tomb visitation, and certain forms of Sufism.
– Emphasized the importance of Tauhid (the oneness of God) and opposed any practices that he believed compromised this principle.
4. *Alliance with Muhammad bin Saud*:
– In 1744, formed a crucial alliance with Muhammad bin Saud, the founder of the first Saudi state.
– This alliance led to the political and military spread of Wahhabism across the Arabian Peninsula.
### Religious Conceptions
1. *Purification of Islam*:
– Advocated for a return to what he considered the pure, unadulterated Islam of the early Muslim community (Salaf).
– Opposed what he viewed as innovations and deviations in Islamic practice, including the veneration of saints, tombs, and the use of intercessors in prayers.
2. *Strict Monotheism (Tauhid)*:
– Central to his teachings was the uncompromising belief in the oneness of God.
– Categorized Tauhid into three parts: Tauhid al-Rububiyyah (Oneness of Lordship), Tauhid al-Asma wa al-Sifat (Oneness of Names and Attributes), and Tauhid al-Ibadah (Oneness of Worship).
3. *Rejection of Shirk (Polytheism)*:
– Strongly opposed shirk, which he saw in practices such as asking for intercession from saints and visiting shrines.
– Considered these practices as leading to polytheism, which is strictly forbidden in Islam.
4. *Call for Jihad*:
– Believed in the necessity of jihad (struggle) to defend and spread what he viewed as the true teachings of Islam.
– This included both a spiritual struggle against one’s own shortcomings and a physical struggle against those who opposed his interpretation of Islam.
### Activities
1. *Preaching and Writing*:
– Authored several influential works, including “Kitab al-Tawhid” (The Book of Monotheism), which laid out his theological views.
– Preached extensively throughout the Najd region, gaining followers and supporters.
2. *Political and Military Campaigns*:
– Through his alliance with Muhammad bin Saud, Wahhabi forces engaged in military campaigns to spread their version of Islam.
– Conquered significant parts of the Arabian Peninsula, including Riyadh and Mecca.
3. *Establishment of the First Saudi State*:
– The alliance with the Al Saud family led to the establishment of the First Saudi State, which enforced Wahhabi doctrines.
– This state served as a base for spreading Wahhabism and implementing its strict interpretations of Islamic law.
4. *Legacy and Influence*:
– His teachings continue to influence contemporary Islamic thought, particularly in Saudi Arabia.
– The modern Saudi state, established in 1932, continues to adhere to many of his principles, and Wahhabism remains a significant religious force in the country and beyond.
IJMB IRS
NUMBER 3
Worship in Islam is a comprehensive concept that encompasses all actions done with the intention of pleasing Allah. It is not limited to specific rituals but includes every aspect of a Muslim’s life when performed in accordance with Islamic principles. Here’s a detailed exploration of the concept of worship in Islam:
### Definition and Scope of Worship
1. *Ibadah (عبادة)*:
– The Arabic term for worship is “Ibadah,” which derives from the root word “Abd,” meaning servant or slave.
– Ibadah implies servitude and obedience to Allah, recognizing His sovereignty and expressing devotion to Him.
2. *Comprehensive Nature*:
– Worship in Islam is holistic, integrating both ritualistic practices and daily actions performed with the intention of seeking Allah’s pleasure.
– It includes acts of the heart (intentions, feelings), the tongue (speech), and the body (actions).
### Forms of Worship
1. *Ritual Worship*:
– *Salah (Prayer)*: The five daily prayers are a central pillar of Islamic worship, performed at specific times throughout the day.
– *Sawm (Fasting)*: Observing fasting during the month of Ramadan, abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset.
– *Zakah (Almsgiving)*: Mandatory charitable giving to support the needy, calculated as a specific percentage of one’s surplus wealth.
– *Hajj (Pilgrimage)*: Performing the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime, if physically and financially able.
– *Shahada (Declaration of Faith)*: The declaration that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger, which is the foundation of a Muslim’s belief and practice.
2. *Non-Ritual Worship*:
– *Good Deeds*: Any act done with the intention of pleasing Allah, such as kindness, honesty, and helping others.
– *Seeking Knowledge*: Acquiring knowledge, both religious and worldly, with the intention of benefiting oneself and society.
– *Ethical Conduct*: Adhering to moral and ethical standards in daily life, such as honesty, integrity, and justice.
### Objectives of Worship
1. *Acknowledgment of Allah’s Sovereignty*:
– Worship acknowledges and reinforces the belief in Allah’s ultimate authority and lordship over all creation.
– It serves as a constant reminder of human dependence on Allah.
2. *Spiritual Purification*:
– Acts of worship purify the soul, fostering a sense of humility, gratitude, and dependence on Allah.
– They help Muslims cultivate virtues such as patience, empathy, and self-discipline.
3. *Strengthening Community Bonds*:
– Collective acts of worship, such as congregational prayers and the Hajj pilgrimage, reinforce a sense of unity and brotherhood among Muslims.
– Charitable acts like Zakah help reduce social inequalities and support the welfare of the community.
4. *Personal and Social Reform*:
– Worship acts as a mechanism for personal self-improvement and societal reform.
– It encourages Muslims to strive for excellence in character and behavior, contributing to a just and moral society.
### Importance and Benefits of Worship
1. *Connection with Allah*:
– Worship establishes and strengthens the connection between a believer and Allah, fostering a sense of closeness and reliance on Him.
– It provides spiritual solace, inner peace, and a sense of purpose.
2. *Moral and Ethical Development*:
– Regular worship inculcates a sense of accountability, guiding Muslims to lead ethical and morally upright lives.
– It helps in developing a balanced character, avoiding extremes, and maintaining moderation.
3. *Rewards and Forgiveness*:
– Worship is a means of earning Allah’s pleasure and rewards, both in this life and the Hereafter.
– Sincere acts of worship and repentance can lead to the forgiveness of sins and spiritual purification.
4. *Mental and Physical Well-being*:
– Practices like Salah provide routine and structure, promoting discipline and focus.
– Fasting has been shown to have physical health benefits, while acts of charity and community involvement enhance social well-being.
IJMB IRS
IJMB 2024 IRS QUESTIONS
NUMBER 5
The prohibition of intoxicants in the Quran is rooted in several key reasons, each addressing various aspects of individual and societal well-being. Here’s an evaluation of these reasons:
### 1. Preservation of Mental and Physical Health
*Mental Clarity and Sound Judgment*:
– Intoxicants impair cognitive functions, leading to poor decision-making and loss of self-control.
– The Quran emphasizes the importance of mental clarity and the ability to make sound judgments. Impaired thinking can lead to harmful actions and moral lapses.
*Physical Health*:
– Intoxicants, such as alcohol and drugs, have detrimental effects on physical health, including liver damage, addiction, and other chronic illnesses.
– Protecting one’s body from harm is considered a religious duty in Islam, as the body is seen as a trust from Allah.
### 2. Spiritual and Moral Integrity
*Maintaining Piety and Devotion*:
– Intoxication disrupts regular worship practices, such as Salah (prayer), which require a clear and focused mind.
– The Quran stresses the importance of maintaining regular worship and a close relationship with Allah, which is hindered by the consumption of intoxicants.
*Avoiding Sinful Behavior*:
– Intoxication often leads to behaviors that are considered sinful in Islam, such as violence, indecency, and neglect of religious duties.
– By prohibiting intoxicants, the Quran aims to prevent actions that would lead to spiritual and moral decay.
### 3. Social and Economic Welfare
*Social Harmony*:
– Intoxicants can lead to social problems, such as family breakdown, domestic violence, and public disorder.
– The Quran advocates for social harmony and cohesive community life, which is disrupted by the use of intoxicants.
*Economic Impact*:
– Addiction to intoxicants can result in financial instability, loss of productivity, and economic hardship.
– The Quran encourages responsible stewardship of one’s wealth and resources, which is compromised by the consumption of intoxicants.
### 4. Gradual Prohibition in the Quran
*Step-by-Step Approach*:
– The prohibition of intoxicants was revealed in stages, acknowledging the challenges of immediate cessation.
– Initial guidance warned of their potential harm and discouraged their use (Quran 2:219).
– Subsequently, Muslims were instructed not to approach prayer while intoxicated (Quran 4:43).
– Finally, a clear prohibition was issued, declaring intoxicants as an abomination and the handiwork of Satan (Quran 5:90-91).
*Wisdom in Gradual Prohibition*:
– This gradual approach allowed early Muslims to adjust and understand the reasons behind the prohibition.
– It reflects the Quran’s practical and compassionate methodology in implementing significant lifestyle changes.
IJMB IRS
NUMBER 6
1. *Terminology and Definitions*:
– The Arabic word for corruption is “fasad” (فساد), meaning spoilage or wickedness.
– It encompasses actions causing harm, injustice, and societal disruption.
2. *Forms of Corruption*:
– *Bribery (Rishwah)*: Offering or accepting something to influence decisions.
– *Embezzlement*: Misappropriation of entrusted funds or resources.
– *Fraud*: Deceptive practices for unfair gain.
– *Abuse of Power*: Using authority for personal benefit or oppression.
### Quranic Perspective
1. *Prohibition*:
– “Do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption” (Quran 2:60).
– “Indeed, Allah does not like corrupters” (Quran 28:77).
2. *Justice and Integrity*:
– “Be persistently standing firm in justice” (Quran 4:135).
– “Render trusts to whom they are due and judge with justice” (Quran 4:58).
### Implications of Corruption
1. *Social*:
– Erodes trust and causes social fragmentation.
– Leads to inequality and injustice.
– Causes instability and conflict.
2. *Economic*:
– Results in inefficient resource allocation.
– Discourages investment.
– Increases poverty.
3. *Political*:
– Weakens governance.
– Erodes democratic principles.
– Compromises legal integrity.
Islamic Framework Against Corruption
IJMB 2024 IRS QUESTIONS
1. *Accountability and Transparency*:
– Leaders as trustees must uphold justice and act in the public’s best interest.
2. *Moral Integrity and Piety*:
– Personal integrity and piety (taqwa) are crucial to combat corruption.
3. *Community Responsibility*:
– Muslims should promote ethical behavior and challenge corruption.
4. *Legal Measures*:
– Sharia provides strict penalties for corrupt practices to maintain order.
2024 IJMB IRS PAPER I QUESTIONS
PAPER I SOLUTIONS BELOW
2024 IJMB IRS ANSWERS
NUMBER ONE
The Jahiliyyah period, or pre-Islamic era, refers to the time in Arabian history before Islam’s emergence in the 7th century CE. This era is characterized by a tribal social structure, with loyalty to one’s tribe being paramount. Tribes were led by chieftains, and conflicts between tribes were common. Economically, the society relied on pastoralism, trade, and limited agriculture, with key trade centers like Mecca serving as crucial commercial hubs due to their strategic locations and religious significance.
Religion during the Jahiliyyah period was predominantly polytheistic, with the Kaaba in Mecca housing numerous idols. Each tribe had its own deities and rituals, though there were small communities of Jews, Christians, and other monotheistic groups. The period faced several social issues, including the low status of women, who had limited rights and were often confined to domestic roles. Female infanticide was a reported practice. Slavery was widespread, with slaves often being war captives or debtors and having minimal rights.
Moral practices in the Jahiliyyah period included gambling, excessive drinking, and lewd behavior, reflecting an absence of a unified moral code and leading to social chaos. The advent of Islam brought significant changes, introducing a new moral and social order aimed at unifying the tribes and establishing justice and equality.
2024 IJMB IRS ANSWERS
NUMBER TWO
Abubakar (R.A), the first Caliph of Islam, faced several immediate challenges upon his succession following the death of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). These challenges included political instability, internal dissent, and external threats.
(i) Political Instability: The death of Prophet Muhammad left a leadership vacuum that could potentially destabilize the nascent Muslim community. Abubakar was chosen as the Caliph in a hurried meeting at Saqifah, but not all factions initially supported his leadership.
Resolution: Abubakar addressed this by consolidating his authority through diplomacy and decisive action. He secured the allegiance of key tribes and leaders, emphasizing unity and the continuity of the Prophet’s mission.
(ii) Internal Dissent – The Ridda Wars: Several tribes rebelled against the authority of the central Muslim state, refusing to pay the zakat (obligatory charity) and declaring themselves independent. This period, known as the Ridda (Apostasy) Wars, posed a significant threat to the unity of the Muslim community.
Resolution: Abubakar responded with a firm stance, declaring that refusal to pay zakat was tantamount to apostasy. He mobilized military campaigns against the rebellious tribes, led by capable generals like Khalid ibn al-Walid. His swift and resolute actions reasserted central authority and brought the tribes back into the fold of Islam.
(iii) False Prophets: Multiple individuals claimed prophethood after the death of Muhammad, seeking to undermine the Islamic state and gain followers.
Resolution: Abubakar launched military campaigns against these false prophets, most notably Musaylimah, whose forces were decisively defeated in the Battle of Yamama. This eliminated the immediate threat posed by the claimants and solidified the belief in Muhammad as the final prophet.
(iv) External Threats: The Byzantine and Sassanian empires, sensing an opportunity, posed external threats to the Muslim state.
Resolution: Abubakar prepared the Muslim community for these potential threats by maintaining a state of readiness and initiating military expeditions. These early expeditions laid the groundwork for later Islamic expansions under his successors.
2024 IJMB IRS ANSWERS
NUMBER THREE
In the early period of Islam, Ja’afar bin Abi Talib (R.A) presented a compelling case before the king of Habasha, Negus, highlighting the reasons for the acceptance of Islam. These factors can be summarized as follows:
(i) Moral and Ethical Reform: Ja’afar emphasized the moral and ethical degradation of pre-Islamic Arabian society, marked by idol worship, injustice, and immorality. Islam, he explained, brought a significant transformation by promoting virtues such as truthfulness, justice, and mercy, which resonated deeply with people seeking moral guidance.
(ii)!Social Justice and Equality: Islam introduced principles of social justice and equality. Ja’afar highlighted how Islam abolished tribal divisions, promoting a sense of brotherhood and equality among all believers, regardless of their social or economic status. This message of universal equality and justice was appealing to many, especially the oppressed and marginalized.
(iii) Rights of Women and Vulnerable Groups: Islam’s emphasis on the rights and dignity of women and vulnerable groups was a radical departure from pre-Islamic norms. Ja’afar pointed out how Islam prohibited infanticide, elevated the status of women, and provided rights and protections that were previously unheard of, thus attracting those who were disenfranchised.
(iv) Spiritual and Monotheistic Appeal: The core message of Islam centered around the worship of one God (Allah), which provided a simple yet profound spiritual appeal. Ja’afar conveyed how Islam called people away from idolatry to the worship of a single, omnipotent God, offering a clear and focused religious path.
(v) Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) Example: Ja’afar spoke of the exemplary character and leadership of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), whose honesty, integrity, and compassion inspired confidence and loyalty among his followers. The Prophet’s personal qualities played a crucial role in attracting people to Islam.
2024 IJMB IRS ANSWERS
NUMBER FOUR
The Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) selection of Madinah (then Yathrib) for migration (Hijrah) in 622 CE was driven by several strategic, social, and spiritual factors.
(i) Strategic Location:
Madinah was located approximately 450 kilometers north of Makkah, making it far enough to avoid the immediate threat of the Quraysh but close enough for future strategic considerations. Its location on trade routes also provided economic opportunities and facilitated communication.
(ii) Social Acceptance:
The people of Madinah, particularly the tribes of Aws and Khazraj, were receptive to Muhammad’s message. They were weary of long-standing tribal conflicts and saw Islam as a unifying force. The second pledge at Aqabah, where 75 Madinans pledged allegiance to Muhammad, confirmed their commitment to support and protect him.
(iii) Political Stability:
Unlike Makkah, which was dominated by the Quraysh, Madinah did not have a single dominating tribe. This lack of a central authority made it easier for Muhammad to establish a new political and social order based on Islamic principles.
(iv) Economic Potential:
Madinah’s agricultural landscape, including date palm orchards and fertile land, offered sustenance and economic potential for the Muslim community. This was crucial for a fledgling community in need of stability and resources.
2024 IJMB IRS ANSWERS
NUMBER SIX
(i) Cultural Identity:
Cultural Heritage: Both Eids are deeply rooted in Islamic tradition and culture, helping Muslims maintain their cultural and religious identity.
Social Cohesion:
(ii) Unity: These festivals promote social cohesion by bringing people together, regardless of their socioeconomic status, and fostering a sense of belonging and unity within the Muslim community.
Reflection and Gratitude:
(iii) Thankfulness: Both Eids are occasions for Muslims to reflect on their blessings, be thankful, and show appreciation for what they have.
2024 IJMB IRS ANSWERS
NUMBER SIX
EID AL-FITR
(i) Spiritual Renewal:
End of Ramadan: Celebrating Eid al-Fitr signifies the end of a month-long period of fasting, prayer, and reflection. It is a time for Muslims to renew their faith and commitment to Allah.
(ii) Gratitude: Muslims express gratitude for the strength to complete the fast and for the blessings received throughout the month.
Community Bonding:
(iii) Congregational Prayers: Muslims gather for special prayers in mosques and open spaces, fostering a sense of unity and community.
(iv) Charity (Zakat al-Fitr): Muslims are required to give Zakat al-Fitr, a form of charity, to the less fortunate, ensuring that everyone can participate in the celebrations.
(v) Joy and Festivity:
Feasting and Socializing: Families and friends come together to share meals and celebrate. It is a time of joy, where people wear new clothes and visit each other.
EID AL-ADHA
(i) Spiritual Significance:
Obedience and Sacrifice: Eid al-Adha emphasizes the importance of obedience to Allah and the spirit of sacrifice. It reminds Muslims of the virtues of faith and submission to God’s will.
Charitable Acts:
(ii) Qurbani (Sacrifice): Muslims who can afford it perform the sacrifice of an animal (usually a sheep, goat, cow, or camel) and distribute the meat among family, friends, and the poor. This act of charity ensures that the less fortunate also partake in the festivities.
Sharing and Caring: The distribution of meat reinforces the values of generosity, sharing, and caring for others in the community.
(iii) Community and Family Congregational Prayers Like Eid al-Fitr, special prayers are held, bringing the community together.
(iv) Family Gatherings: Families gather to celebrate, strengthening familial bonds and fostering a sense of togetherness.
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