IJMB 2024 BIOLOGY QUESTIONS
IJMB 2024 BIOLOGY QUESTIONS BELOW
HERE IS HOW WE DRPPED BIOLOGY 3 HOURS BEFORE EXAM IN OUR VIP
and that is how other subjects like mathematics,physics,chemistry and others will drop
IJMB 2024 BIOLOGY QUESTIONS
IJMB 2024 BIOLOGY THEORY ANSWERS
(i) Natural Selection
Natural selection is a process in biology where organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more than those with less advantageous traits. Over time, this leads to the gradual evolution of species, as beneficial traits become more common in the population.
(ii) Alternation of Generation
Alternation of generation is a reproductive cycle found in plants, algae, and some fungi. It involves alternating between two distinct forms: a haploid gametophyte, which produces gametes (sex cells), and a diploid sporophyte, which produces spores. This cycle ensures genetic diversity and adaptation to varying environmental conditions.
(iii) Global Warming
Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to changes in climate patterns, rising sea levels, and various environmental impacts.
(iv) Afforestation
Afforestation is the process of planting trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover, converting non-forest land into forested land. This practice aims to combat deforestation, improve biodiversity, sequester carbon dioxide, and contribute to environmental sustainability.
IJMB BIOLOGY
NUMBER FIVE
(5a)
Ecological Succession: Ecological succession is the process through which an ecosystem evolves and develops over time. It involves a series of predictable and orderly changes in the composition and structure of biological communities in a particular area. There are two main types of ecological succession: primary succession, which occurs in areas where no soil is present, and secondary succession, which occurs in areas where soil is already present. This process plays a crucial role in the natural regeneration and renewal of ecosystems after disturbances such as fires, floods, or human activities.
(5b)
Ecological Pyramids: Ecological pyramids are graphical representations of the trophic structure and energy flow within an ecosystem. There are three main types of ecological pyramids: pyramid of energy, pyramid of biomass, and pyramid of numbers. These pyramids help in visualizing the relationships between different trophic levels within an ecosystem and illustrate how energy, biomass, and the number of organisms decrease as you move up the food chain. Ecological pyramids are essential tools for understanding the dynamics of energy transfer and nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
NUMBER 6 BIOLOGY
(6a)
A soil profile is a vertical section of the soil that depicts all of its horizons (layers). It extends from the surface down to the parent material, which is the underlying geological material (generally bedrock or a loose material) in which the soil horizons form. A typical soil profile consists of the following layers:
(i) O Horizon (Organic Layer): The topmost layer, rich in organic material like decomposed leaves and plants.
(ii) A Horizon (Topsoil): Contains a mix of organic material with minerals. It is the layer where most root activity occurs and is crucial for plant growth.
(iii) E Horizon (Eluviation Layer): Characterized by the leaching (eluviation) of minerals and organic matter, leaving a concentration of sand and silt particles.
(iv) B Horizon (Subsoil): Accumulation of minerals leached down from the upper horizons. It often contains clay, iron, and aluminum oxides.
(v) C Horizon (Parent Material): Consists of partially disintegrated and weathered parent rock. Little biological activity occurs here.
(vi) R Horizon (Bedrock): The unweathered rock layer that lies beneath the soil.
(6b)
(i) Light Intensity:
Light intensity directly affects the rate of photosynthesis because it provides the energy needed to drive the chemical reactions involved. As light intensity increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis, up to a certain point. Plants have adaptations to cope with varying light intensities. In low light conditions, photosynthesis is limited because there’s insufficient energy to power the process effectively.
(ii) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Concentration:
Carbon dioxide is a raw material in photosynthesis. Increasing CO2 concentration generally leads to higher rates of photosynthesis, as long as other factors like light and temperature are not limiting. In natural conditions, CO2 availability can become limiting, especially in densely vegetated areas where plants may deplete local CO2 concentrations during daylight hours.
(iii) Temperature:
Temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis by influencing the enzymatic reactions that drive the process. Generally, higher temperatures increase enzymatic activity and thus the rate of photosynthesis up to an optimal temperature range (typically between 25°C to 35°C for most plants). Beyond the optimal range, enzyme denaturation occurs, reducing the efficiency of photosynthesis. Extreme temperatures can also affect plant metabolism and cellular structures, further limiting photosynthesis.
(iv) Water Availability:
Water is essential for photosynthesis as it serves as a solvent for transporting minerals and as a reactant in the light-dependent reactions (photolysis). Water scarcity or drought stress can limit photosynthesis by closing stomata (to conserve water), reducing CO2 uptake, and disrupting the photosynthetic process. Plants adapted to arid conditions often have mechanisms to minimize water loss while maximizing CO2 uptake.
(v) Nutrient Availability:
Essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and others are crucial for plant growth and photosynthesis. They are required for the synthesis of chlorophyll, enzymes, and other components of the photosynthetic machinery. Deficiencies in these nutrients can directly impact photosynthesis by slowing down enzyme production or impairing chlorophyll synthesis, leading to reduced rates of photosynthesis and overall plant growth.
(vi) Oxygen Concentration:
While oxygen is a product of photosynthesis, high concentrations of oxygen can inhibit the process by competing with CO2 for binding sites on the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). Photorespiration occurs when RuBisCO binds with oxygen instead of CO2, leading to the release of CO2 and energy without the production of carbohydrates, thereby reducing the efficiency of photosynthesis.
(vii) Pollution:
Pollutants such as ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) can damage plant tissues and disrupt photosynthesis by affecting chlorophyll production, stomatal conductance, and enzyme function. High levels of pollutants can lead to visible symptoms of damage like leaf necrosis, reduced growth, and overall decreased photosynthetic efficiency.
(viii) pH of the Soil:
Soil pH influences nutrient availability, especially for essential minerals required for photosynthesis. Extreme pH levels can inhibit enzyme activity and nutrient uptake. Acidic or alkaline soils can limit the availability of specific nutrients like phosphorus, iron, and manganese, which are critical for photosynthesis. Plants adapted to specific pH ranges have mechanisms to optimize nutrient uptake under those conditions.
IJMB 2024 BIOLOGY PAPER II QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CLICK BELOW TO DOWNLOAD THE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
IJMB 2024 BIOLOGY PAPER II QUESTIONS AND
2024 IJMB BIOLOGY PAPER III QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CLICK BELOW TO DOWNLOAD THE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
TO SUBSCRIBE FOR OUR IJMB EXAM RUNZ, QUESTIONS & ANSWERS DROPS 5-6 HOURS BEFORE EXAM, 14 POINTS AND ABOVE IS SURELY GUARANTEED.
CALL/WHATSAPP EXPOPIN.COM ON 07054962887/08174998106