JUPEB 2024 HISTORY QUESTIONS
JUPEB 2024 HISTORY QUESTIONS BELOW
JUPEB 2024 HISTORY QUESTIONS
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HIS 003: WORLD HISTORY II5. Analyze the contributions of ancient Egypt to world civilization.Ancient Egypt, one of the world’s oldest civilizations, made several enduring contributions:Writing System: The development of hieroglyphics was one of the earliest forms of writing, influencing other writing systems and allowing the preservation of knowledge, culture, and administration.Architectural Innovations: The construction of pyramids, temples, and monumental structures demonstrated advanced architectural and engineering skills. These structures also served as cultural and religious symbols.Mathematics and Astronomy: Egyptians developed a calendar based on the lunar and solar cycles, as well as mathematical concepts used in construction, land surveying, and accounting. They laid the groundwork for geometry and practical arithmetic.Medicine: Egyptian doctors practiced early forms of surgery, dentistry, and pharmacology. They documented medical knowledge, which influenced later Greek and Roman practices.Art and Literature: Egyptian art, characterized by its symbolism and use of hieroglyphs, influenced subsequent artistic traditions. Literary works like the “Book of the Dead” provided insights into religious beliefs and afterlife concepts.6. “The English Industrial Revolution contributed to the abolition of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.” Comment.The English Industrial Revolution, beginning in the late 18th century, played a significant role in ending the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade:Economic Shift: The industrial revolution shifted the economic focus from agricultural labor to industrial manufacturing. Factories required skilled and free labor rather than slaves, leading to a decline in the demand for slave labor.Moral and Social Reform Movements: The rise of industrial cities and the spread of literacy facilitated the growth of abolitionist movements. Industrial society’s values, including the emphasis on human rights and freedoms, supported abolition.Technological Advancements: Technological innovations provided new methods of production that reduced reliance on slave labor. The shift to mechanized production diminished the economic rationale for slavery.Political and Economic Pressure: Britain, as an industrial leader, used its influence to pressure other countries to abolish the slave trade, driven by both economic interests and moral arguments. The passing of the Slave Trade Act of 1807 and subsequent actions marked Britain’s leadership in global abolition efforts.
JUPEB 2024 HISTORY QUESTIONS
HIS 004: AFRICAN HISTORY II7. Highlight the resolutions of the Vienna Congress of 1815.The Congress of Vienna, held after the defeat of Napoleon, aimed to restore order and stability to Europe. Key resolutions included:Restoration of Monarchies: Legitimate monarchies were restored in countries like France, Spain, and Italy to stabilize political structures and curb revolutionary ideas.Balance of Power: To prevent any single country from dominating Europe, territorial adjustments were made. France was reduced to its 1792 borders, while Prussia, Austria, and Russia gained territories. The idea was to create a balance of power to maintain peace.Creation of the German Confederation: A loose association of 39 German states was formed, replacing the Holy Roman Empire, to maintain stability in Central Europe and curb Prussian and Austrian rivalry.Neutrality of Switzerland: Switzerland’s neutrality was recognized to create a buffer zone and ensure peace in Central Europe.Abolition of the Slave Trade: The Congress called for the abolition of the slave trade, reflecting the growing influence of abolitionist sentiments in Europe.8. Examine the causes of the First World War.The First World War (1914-1918) was caused by a complex interplay of factors:Militarism: European powers engaged in an arms race, building large militaries and stockpiling weapons. Military leaders gained significant influence over political decisions, and war was often seen as a viable means to resolve disputes.Alliances: The formation of alliances, such as the Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy), created a network of obligations that could easily pull multiple nations into conflict if one was attacked.Imperialism: Competition for colonies and resources heightened tensions among European powers, particularly between Britain, France, and Germany. Conflicts over territories in Africa and Asia intensified rivalries.Nationalism: Nationalistic fervor, especially in multi-ethnic empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, led to demands for independence among various ethnic groups. In the Balkans, Slavic nationalism supported by Serbia
JUPEB 2024 HISTORY QUESTIONS
HIS 001: AFRICAN HISTORY I1. Analyze the factors which led to the decline and fall of the Empire of Ancient Ghana.The Empire of Ancient Ghana, located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and western Mali, flourished from around the 6th to the 13th century. Several key factors contributed to its decline and eventual fall:Invasion and Conquest: The Almoravids, a Muslim Berber group, invaded Ghana in the 11th century. This invasion weakened Ghana’s political and military structures, leading to a loss of control over trade routes and tributary states.Overextension: The empire expanded significantly, which made it difficult to manage and defend. The vast size strained administrative and military resources, weakening the central authority.Economic Decline: Ghana’s economy was heavily reliant on the control of trans-Saharan trade routes, particularly gold and salt. With increasing competition from emerging empires like Mali and Songhai, and loss of control over these routes, Ghana’s economic power diminished.Environmental Factors: Drought and overgrazing by livestock led to desertification, which affected agriculture and contributed to food shortages. This environmental degradation weakened the economic base of the empire.Internal Strife and Political Instability: Succession disputes and internal power struggles eroded the strength of central authority, leading to fragmentation and making the empire vulnerable to external attacks.2. What contributions made Idris Alooma’s reign to be described as “the golden age” of the Kanem-Bornu Empire?Idris Alooma ruled the Kanem-Bornu Empire, located in the present-day Chad, Niger, and Nigeria, from around 1571 to 1603. His reign is often considered the empire’s “golden age” due to several contributions:Military Reforms: Alooma introduced effective military strategies, including the use of horses, firearms (acquired through trade with the Ottomans), and improved military organization. This allowed the empire to expand its territory and secure trade routes.Administrative Reforms: He established a structured and centralized government, employing a bureaucracy that helped to maintain control over a vast empire. His reforms included appointing provincial governors to oversee local administration.Economic Prosperity: Under Alooma’s reign, the Kanem-Bornu Empire became a significant player in trans-Saharan trade, particularly in the exchange of slaves, salt, and goods with North African traders. His reign witnessed the flourishing of trade, which enriched the empire.Promotion of Islam and Education: Alooma promoted Islamic education and culture, building mosques and schools, which helped in the spread of Islamic learning. His encouragement of Islamic law and culture strengthened the cohesion and identity of the empire.Diplomatic Relations: He established diplomatic ties with the Ottoman Empire and other Islamic states, which helped in acquiring firearms and knowledge that further bolstered the empire’s strength.
JUPEB 2024 HISTORY QUESTIONS
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